Spatial judgments and actions are often based on multiple cues. The authors review a
multitude of phenomena on the integration of spatial cues in diverse species to consider …

Using cooperation in chimpanzees as a case study, this article argues that research on
animal minds needs to steer a course between 'association-blindness'—the failure to …

Associative reinforcement provides a powerful explanation of learned behavior. However,
an unproven but long-held conjecture holds that spatial learning can occur incidentally …

This chapter discusses the three areas in which cognitive processes in animals are widely
accepted and considered non‐contentious. These concern processing of basic dimensions …

Learning has been studied extensively in the context of isolated individuals. However, many
organisms are social and consequently make decisions both individually and as part of a …

When a navigator's internal sense of direction is disrupted, she must rely on external cues to
regain her bearings, a process termed spatial reorientation. Extensive research has …

A review of selected works on spatial memory in animals and humans is presented, and
some ideas about the encoding of geometry and its role in evolution are presented, based …

As babies rapidly acquire motor skills that give them increasingly independent and wide-
ranging access to the environment over the first two years of human life, they decrease their …

Cognitive science arose in the 1950s when it became apparent that a number of disciplines,
including psychology, computer science, linguistics, and philosophy, were fragmenting …

Previous research has proposed an adaptive cue combination view of the development of
human spatial reorientation (Newcombe & Huttenlocher, 2006), whereby information from …