Bone is an active tissue, being constantly renewed in healthy individuals with participation of
the immune system to a large extent. Any imbalance between the processes of bone …

Cytokines are a class of potent immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted in response to
various stimuli and act locally to regulate many aspects of human physiology and disease …

The discovery of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in the mid 1990s for the regulation of bone
resorption has led to major advances in our understanding of how bone modeling and …

Background Osteopetrosis encompasses a group of rare metabolic bone diseases
characterized by impaired osteoclast activity or development, resulting in high bone mineral …

Once a rarely used subset of medical treatments, protein therapeutics have increased
dramatically in number and frequency of use since the introduction of the first recombinant …

The inflammatory process is usually tightly regulated, involving both signals that initiate and
maintain inflammation and signals that shut the process down. An imbalance between the …

Estrogen plays a fundamental role in skeletal growth and bone homeostasis in both men
and women. Although remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of how …

Abstract Osteopetrosis (" marble bone disease") is a descriptive term that refers to a group of
rare, heritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density on …

Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disease for which no effective treatment
exists. We assessed whether treatment with interferon gamma-1b improved survival …

Bone and the immune system are both complex tissues that respectively regulate the
skeleton and the body's response to invading pathogens. It has now become clear that these …