Biofilm formation is a process in which microbial cells aggregate to form collectives that are
embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive …

The formation of multicellular microbial communities, called biofilms, starts from the
adhesion of a few planktonic cells to the surface. The transition from a free-living planktonic …

Synthetic biology and bioengineering provide the opportunity to create novel embodied
cognitive systems (otherwise known as minds) in a very wide variety of chimeric …

The fascinating patterns of collective motion created by autonomously driven particles have
fuelled active-matter research for over two decades. So far, theoretical active-matter …

Due to the continuous rise in biofilm‐related infections, biofilms seriously threaten human
health. The formation of biofilms makes conventional antibiotics ineffective and dampens …

All cellular membranes have the functionality of generating and maintaining the gradients of
electrical and electrochemical potentials. Such potentials were generally thought to be an …

Combining membrane impermeable DNA-binding stain propidium iodide (PI) with
membrane-permeable DNA-binding counterstains is a widely used approach for bacterial …

How do growing bacterial colonies get their shapes? While colony morphogenesis is well
studied in two dimensions, many bacteria grow as large colonies in three-dimensional (3D) …

All epistemic agents physically consist of parts that must somehow comprise an integrated
cognitive self. Biological individuals consist of subunits (organs, cells, and molecular …

The dormant state of bacterial spores is generally thought to be devoid of biological activity.
We show that despite continued dormancy, spores can integrate environmental signals over …