Background This is an overview of the mechanisms of obesity and its relation to
cardiovascular risks, describing the available treatment options to manage this condition …

Normal eating behaviour is coordinated by the tightly regulated balance between intestinal
and extra-intestinal homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. By contrast, food addiction is a …

Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation associated
with a dysfunctional fat mass. Adipose tissue is now considered an extremely active …

Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term,
a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has …

In mammals, caloric restriction consistently results in extended lifespan. Epigenetic
information encoded by DNA methylation is tightly regulated, but shows a striking drift …

In the present scenario, obesity is a challenging health problem and its prevalence along
with comorbidities are on the rise around the world. According to world health organization …

So far, the connections between obesity and skeleton have been extensively explored, but
the results are inconsistent. Obesity is thought to affect bone health through a variety of …

It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk
factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in …

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the Western society and is increasing in the
developing world. It is considered as one of the major contributors to the global burden of …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a chronic, expensive, and high-incidence
musculoskeletal disorder largely responsible for back/neck and radicular-related pain. It is …