In the growth condition (s) of plants, numerous secondary metabolites (SMs) are produced
by them to serve variety of cellular functions essential for physiological processes, and …

Terpenoids comprise tens of thousands of small molecule natural products that are widely
distributed across all domains of life. Plants produce by far the largest array of terpenoids …

Taxol is a potent drug used in various cancer treatments. Its complex structure has prompted
extensive research into its biosynthesis. However, certain critical steps, such as the …

Tanshinones are the bioactive nor-diterpenoid constituents of the Chinese medicinal herb
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). These groups of chemicals have the characteristic furan D …

Plant specialized terpenoids are natural products that have no obvious role in growth and
development, but play many important functional roles to improve the plant's overall fitness …

In plant terpene biosynthesis, oxidation of the hydrocarbon backbone produced by terpene
synthases is typically carried out by cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYPs). The …

Humankind relies on specialized metabolites for medicines, flavors, fragrances, and
numerous other valuable biomaterials. However, the chemical space occupied by …

Synthetic biology aims to design or assemble existing bioparts or bio-components for useful
bioproperties. During the past decades, progresses have been made to build delicate …

Plant natural products (PNPs) are the main sources of drugs, food additives, and new
biofuels and have become a hotspot in synthetic biology. In the past two decades, the …

Carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene specific to the Lamiaceae family, is highly abundant in
rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Despite numerous industrial and medicinal …