Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a resting mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25 mm
Hg or above. This review deals with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a type of …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family members signal via heterotetrameric complexes
of type I and type II dual specificity kinase receptors. The activation and stability of the …

In the past 2 decades, major changes have occurred in the epidemiological and treatment
landscape of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously regarded as a disease of …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder typified by occlusion
of the pulmonary arterioles owing to endothelial dysfunction and uncontrolled proliferation of …

ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension | Circulation Science
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Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare and devastating cause of pulmonary
hypertension that is characterized histologically by widespread fibrous intimal proliferation of …

The mammalian respiratory system—the trachea and the lungs—arises from the anterior
foregut through a sequence of morphogenetic events involving reciprocal endodermal …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has a multifactorial pathobiology. Vasoconstriction,
remodeling of the pulmonary vessel wall, and thrombosis contribute to increased pulmonary …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. Deleterious
variation within components of the transforming growth factor-β pathway, particularly the …

Heterozygous germ-line mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type-II receptor
(BMPR-II) gene underlie heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH). Although …