This paper is the twentieth installment of our annual review of research concerning the
opiate system. It summarizes papers published during 1997 that studied the behavioral …

Abstract β‐Endorphin and a C‐terminal analogue have been shown to decrease muscle
fatigue and increase glucose uptake in muscles of normal mice. In order to provide evidence …

Levels of endogenous opioids are increased in morbidly obese humans and obese rats.
Endogenous opioids are important neuromodulators, and are involved in a wide range of …

The density of β-endorphin receptors and the proportions of fibres that expressed the
receptors was assessed in fast extensor digitorum longus muscle and slow soleus muscles …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other cytokines produce fever by stimulating prostaglandin E2
(PGE2) synthesis in thermoregulatory regions of the preoptic area and anterior …

The muscular dystrophies are generally characterised by progressive skeletal muscle
wasting and weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disorder, is the …

Glycyl-L-glutamine is the C-terminal dipeptide of 9-endorphin and is derived following post-
translational processing of $\beta $-endorphin. Glycyl-L-glutamine meets some of the criteria …