Recently published work and emerging research efforts have suggested that the olfactory
system is intimately linked with the endocrine systems that regulate or modify energy …

The neuropeptide Y family of peptides consists of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is expressed
in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the endogenous melanocortin receptor antagonist, agouti gene-
related protein (AGRP), coexist in the arcuate nucleus, and both exert orexigenic effects. The …

Pre‐and neonatal overfeeding programmes a permanent obesity disposition and
accompanying diabetic and cardiovascular disorders, by unknown mechanisms. We …

Bioactive peptides (ie, neuropeptides or peptide hormones) represent the largest class of
cell-cell signaling molecules in metazoans and are potent regulators of neural and …

Hypothalamic neuropeptides play a role in appetite and weight regulation. Food restriction
for 2 weeks and food deprivation for 4 days were used as models to characterize the effects …

Ghrelin, a peptide isolated from the rat stomach, is the endogenous ligand of the growth
hormone-secretagogue receptor and also known to have orexigenic effect. We examined …

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly used as a therapeutic
tool in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, and we recently found that it has a …

Exogenous neuropeptide Y (NPY) reduces experimental anxiety in a wide range of animal
models. The generation of an NPY-transgenic rat has provided a unique model to examine …

The distribution of neurons and terminal fields that contain a variety of neurotransmitters and
steroid hormone receptors has been examined with in situ hybridization and …