Atherosclerosis is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading
cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelium activation and …

Atherosclerosis, a dominant and growing cause of death and disability worldwide, involves
inflammation from its inception to the emergence of complications. Targeting inflammatory …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major cell type present at all stages of an
atherosclerotic plaque. According to the 'response to injury'and 'vulnerable …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early and late-stage
atherosclerosis. VSMCs invade the early atherosclerotic lesion from the media, expanding …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are secretory membranous elements used by cells to transport
proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). While their existence has been known …

In just over two decades since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the field of
miRNA biology has expanded considerably. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in …

Multiple layers of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are present in blood vessels
forming the media of the vessel wall. vSMCs provide a vessel wall structure, enabling it to …

Previous studies investigating the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages in
the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have provided controversial results owing to the use of …

Atherosclerosis and its attendant clinical complications, such as myocardial infarction,
stroke, and peripheral artery disease, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the major cell type in blood vessels. Unlike
many other mature cell types in the adult body, VSMC do not terminally differentiate but …