The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signaling cascade is essential for cell inter-and intra-
cellular communication, which regulates fundamental cell functions such as growth, survival …

ERK1 and ERK2 are key protein kinases that contribute to the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK MAP
kinase signalling module. This pathway participates in the control of numerous processes …

INTRODUCTION Protein kinases mediate many cell signaling processes. Central to their
physiological function is the regulation of their binding and enzymatic activities, which is …

While protein conformational heterogeneity plays an important role in many aspects of
biological function, including ligand binding, its impact has been difficult to quantify …

The HIV-1 capsid is a fullerene cone made of quasi-equivalent hexamers and pentamers of
the viral CA protein. Typically, quasi-equivalent assembly of viral capsid subunits is …

Allostery is an inherent feature of proteins, but it remains challenging to reveal the
mechanisms by which allosteric signals propagate. A clearer understanding of this intrinsic …

It is difficult to imagine where the signaling community would be today without the Protein
Data Bank. This visionary resource, established in the 1970s, has been an essential partner …

The receptor tyrosine kinase family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) play crucial
roles in embryonic development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis and wound repair via …

Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-Raf, particularly the V600E mutation,
are frequent in cancer, making it a major drug target. Although much is known about B-Raf's …

ATP-competitive inhibitors are currently the largest class of clinically approved drugs for
protein kinases. By targeting the ATP-binding pocket, these compounds block the catalytic …