Research into the causes of psychopathology has largely focused on two broad etiologic
factors: genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors. An important role for …

Background Despite evidence from twin and family studies for an important contribution of
genetic factors to both childhood and adult onset psychiatric disorders, identifying robustly …

Background Emerging work suggests that academic achievement may be influenced by the
management of affect as well as through efficient information processing of task demands. In …

This review provides a broad overview of the state of research in the genetics of anxiety
disorders (AD). Genetic epidemiological studies report a moderate level of familial …

Background Anxiety and depression occurring during childhood and adolescence are
common and costly. While early‐emerging anxiety and depression can arise through a …

One of the best predictors of children's educational achievement is their family's
socioeconomic status (SES), but the degree to which this association is genetically mediated …

Importance A better understanding of the cause of obesity is a clinical priority. Obesity is
highly heritable, and specific genes are being identified. Discovering the mechanisms …

In the nineteenth century, the prevalence of myopia began to rise, and Cohn stressed the
role of education. Later, based on twin studies, Sorsby argued that refraction was almost …

Environmental measures used widely in the behavioral sciences show nearly as much
genetic influence as behavioral measures, a critical finding for interpreting associations …

Objectives To investigate whether associations of smoking with depression and anxiety are
likely to be causal, using a Mendelian randomisation approach. Design Mendelian …