More than 15 years ago, mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene were identified
as the cause of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1). It is now clear that this …

The occurrence of cancer entails a series of genetic mutations that favor uncontrollable
tumor growth. It is believed that various factors collectively contribute to cancer, and there is …

The discovery of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein and the delineation of its critical
contributions in the establishment of central immune tolerance has significantly expanded …

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), also known
as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1 (APS-1), is a rare monogenic autoimmune …

Immunological self-tolerance is established in the thymus by the expression of virtually all
self-antigens, including tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) and cell-type–restricted antigens …

Twenty years ago, the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene was associated with autoimmune
polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy, and was cloned and sequenced. Its …

The establishment of central tolerance in the thymus is critical for avoiding deleterious
autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE), the causative gene in autoimmune …

The tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is the most abundant group of immune cells in the
tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a critical role in the regulation of tumor …

HOXB9 is a homeobox domain-containing transcription factor, playing an important role in
embryonic development and cancer progression. However, the precise post-translational …

Highlights•APS-1/APECED patients exhibit marked phenotypic variability despite genotypic
similarities.•Defects in AIRE synergize with defects in peripheral tolerance to promote …