Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex lipid membrane vehicles with variable expressions
of molecular cargo, composed of diverse subpopulations that participate in the intercellular …

The focus on precise medicine enhances the need for timely diagnosis and frequent
monitoring of chronic diseases. Moreover, the recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory …

Digital immunoassays with multiplexed capacity, ultrahigh sensitivity, and broad affordability
are urgently required in clinical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. In this …

Improved biomarkers are needed for early cancer detection, risk stratification, treatment
selection, and monitoring treatment response. Although proteins can be useful blood-based …

This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, ie, the
isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein …

In recent years, nanopore-based sequencers have become robust tools with unique
advantages for genomics applications. However, progress toward applying nanopores as …

The demand for the ultrasensitive and rapid quantitative analysis of trace target analytes has
become increasingly urgent. However, the sensitivity of traditional immunoassay-based …

Microfluidic diagnostic (μDX) technologies miniaturize sensors and actuators to the length-
scales that are relevant to biology: the micrometer scale to interact with cells and the …

Proteins have been considered key building blocks of life. In particular, the protein content of
an organism and a cell offers significant information for the in-depth understanding of the …

The search for reliable protein biomarker candidates is critical for early disease detection
and treatment. However, current immunoassay technologies are failing to meet increasing …