In 2006, PAIN published a systematic review of the measurement properties of self-report
pain intensity measures in children and adolescents (Stinson JN, Kavanagh T, Yamada J …

Background The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) is used to interpret the
clinical relevance of results reported by trials and meta-analyses as well as to plan sample …

Objectives: The Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) is one of the most widely used scales
to assess self-reported pain intensity in children, despite the limited information on its …

498 A. Reich et al. and November and December 2009 (Japan). The inclusion criteria were
as follows: informed consent obtained from a patient to participate in the study, age over 18 …

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of a virtual reality distraction for needle pain in 2
common hospital settings: the emergency department (ED) and outpatient pathology (ie …

Assessment provides the foundation for diagnosis, selection of treatments, and evaluation of
treatment effectiveness for pediatric patients with acute, recurrent, and chronic pain …

This study evaluates the construct validity (including sensitivity to change) of the numerical
rating scale (NRS) for pain intensity (I) and unpleasantness (U) and participant pain scale …

Study objective The Verbal Numerical Rating Scale is the most commonly used self-report
measure of pain intensity. It is unclear how the validity and reliability of the scale scores vary …

Introduction: Balanced analgesia, using both opioid and nonopioids agents, has become the
standard care for postoperative pain management. Ketamine, a compound with analgesic …

Pain assessment and management are essential components of paediatric care.
Developmentally appropriate pain assessment is an important first step in optimizing pain …