Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

Stroke is the leading cause of disabilities and cognitive deficits, accounting for 5.2% of all
mortalities worldwide. Transient or permanent occlusion of cerebral vessels leads to …

Ischemic stroke caused by arterial occlusion is the most common type of stroke, which is
among the most frequent causes of disability and death worldwide. Current treatment …

The brain has almost no energy reserve, but its activity coordinates organismal function, a
burden that requires precise coupling between neurotransmission and energy metabolism …

There is increasing appreciation that non-neuronal cells contribute to the initiation,
progression and pathology of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. This Review focuses on …

The gut microbiome acts as an integral part of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that has the
largest and vulnerable surface with desirable features to observe foods, nutrients, and …

Clinical studies have demonstrated that a single sub-anesthetic dose of the dissociative
anesthetic ketamine induces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions. Although this …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are risk factors for each other; the
comorbidity of these brain disorders in aging individuals represents a significant challenge …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), early synaptic dysfunction is associated with the increased
oligomeric amyloid-beta peptide, which causes NMDAR-dependent synaptic depression …