Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

The occurrence of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-
2), responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVD-19), represents a catastrophic threat to …

Taurine is a non-protein amino acid that is expressed in the majority of animal tissues. With
its unique sulfonic acid makeup, taurine influences cellular functions, including …

Despite significant improvements in leprosy (Hansen's disease) treatment and outlook for
patients since the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) 3 decades ago, the global …

Pathogens have always been a major cause of human mortality, so they impose strong
selective pressure on the human genome. Data from population genetic studies, including …

Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces varied early outcomes, ranging from
resistance to infection to progressive disease. Here we report results from a forward genetic …

Since first being described in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
have proven to be of great interest to immunologists and investigators interested in the …

A novel human coronavirus prompted considerable worry at the end of the year 2019. Now,
it represents a significant global health and economic burden. The newly emerged …

Infectious diseases have been paramount among the threats to health and survival
throughout human evolutionary history. Natural selection is therefore expected to act …

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium leprae, a microorganism that has a predilection for the skin and nerves. The …