BACKGROUND There is uncertainty over whether maternal smoking is associated with birth
defects. We conducted the first ever comprehensive systematic review to establish which …

Craniofacial anomalies, and in particular cleft lip and palate, are major human birth defects
with a worldwide frequency of 1 in 700 and substantial clinical impact. A wide range of …

This report presents 2001 data on US births according to maternal demographics (age, live-
birth order, marital status, race, Hispanic origin, and educational attainment); maternal …

There is considerable ambiguity in the use of terminology when referring to orofacial clefts
(OFCs). Many clinicians incorrectly refer to OFCs as deformities, which are said to be the …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between maternal smoking and non-syndromic
orofacial clefts in infants. METHODS: A meta-analysis of the association between maternal …

Background: Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with orofacial clefts in
numerous studies. However, most previous studies have not been able to assess the …

OBJECTIVE This investigation explored the association between maternal age and non‐
chromosomal birth defects to assess any increased risk associated with maternal age …

In support of the 2005 update of the US Department of Agriculture/US Department of Health
and Human Services Dietary Guidelines, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and …

The National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) published the first Congenital
Malformations Surveillance Report in 1997 and has annually released a report since 2000 …

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 1997 data on US births according to a wide variety of
characteristics. Data are presented for maternal demographic characteristics including age …