Unravelling the functional operation of neuronal networks and linking cellular activity to
specific behavioural outcomes are among the biggest challenges in neuroscience. In this …

Directing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into motor neurons has allowed
investigators to develop new models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However …

Neurobiologists have long sought to understand how circuits in the nervous system are
organized to generate the precise neural outputs that underlie particular behaviours. The …

In 1900, Ramón y Cajal advanced the neuron doctrine, defining the neuron as the
fundamental signaling unit of the nervous system. Over a century later, neurobiologists …

The episodic nature of locomotion is thought to be controlled by descending inputs from the
brainstem. Most studies have largely attributed this control to initiating excitatory signals, but …

Intrinsic spinal networks, known as central pattern generators (CPGs), control the timing and
pattern of the muscle activity underlying locomotion in mammals. This review discusses new …

Mammalian motor programs are controlled by networks of spinal interneurons that set the
rhythm and intensity of motor neuron firing. Motor neurons have long been known to receive …

This article provides a perspective on major innovations over the past century in research on
the spinal cord and, specifically, on specialized spinal circuits involved in the control of …

At the beginning of the 20th century, Thomas Graham Brown conducted experiments that
after a long hiatus changed views on the neural control of locomotion. His seminal work …

The spinal cord of vertebrate animals is comprised of intrinsic circuits that are capable of
sensing the environment and generating complex motor behaviors. There are two major …