Locomotion and transport of microorganisms in fluids is an essential aspect of life. Search
for food, orientation toward light, spreading of off-spring, and the formation of colonies are …

This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the
context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical …

A wide range of experimental systems including gliding, swarming and swimming bacteria,
in vitro motility assays, and shaken granular media are commonly described as self …

We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and
pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a …

Active particles contain internal degrees of freedom with the ability to take in and dissipate
energy and, in the process, execute systematic movement. Examples include all living …

We review the observations and the basic laws describing the essential aspects of collective
motion—being one of the most common and spectacular manifestation of coordinated …

One characteristic feature of soft matter systems is their strong response to external stimuli.
As a consequence they are comparatively easily driven out of their ground state and out of …

We characterize cell motion in experiments and show that the transition to collective motion
in colonies of gliding bacterial cells confined to a monolayer appears through the …

Bacterial swarming is a collective mode of motion in which cells migrate rapidly over
surfaces, forming dynamic patterns of whirls and jets. This review presents a physical point …

In this chapter we have presented mathematical modeling approaches to biological pattern
formation. While reaction-diffusion models are appropriate to describe the spatio-temporal …