The blink reflex (BR) is a generalised phenomenon in mammals. Its teleological protective
eye function is perhaps the reason why the BR can be provoked by a multitude of stimuli. As …

Brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes can be elicited and recorded with routine EMG
equipment. Not all these reflexes are useful in clinical neurology. But those that are–the …

In September 2001, a Task Force was set up under the auspices of the European Federation
of Neurological Societies with the aim of evaluating the existing evidence about the methods …

Objective: The medullary R2 response of the blink reflex can be elicited by innocuous and
noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to elicit a nociception specific R2 response …

To our knowledge, this is the first report on pain-related abnormalities of the eye blink reflex
(BR) in a clinical pain patient population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the …

Our current understanding of brainstem reflex physiology comes chiefly from the classic
anatomical–functional correlation studies that traced the central circuits underlying …

Background.—Electrophysiological techniques such as laser and contact heat evoked pain‐
related potentials are very useful for studying trigeminal and somatic pain transmission in …

Patients with chronic orofacial pain pose a challenge for the clinician. With the exceptions of
trigeminal neuralgia and temporomandibular disorders (TMD)–related pain, chronic …

In this study, we characterized the pathways that generate the trigeminal blink reflex in the
guinea pig. Blinks were evoked by stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal …

The electrically evoked blink reflex (BR) consists of an ipsilateral R1 component (R1) at 11
ms and two bilateral components R2 at 33 ms and R3 at 83 ms. It is still unclear whether the …