Chronic pain exerts an enormous personal and economic burden, affecting more than 30%
of people worldwide according to some studies. Unlike acute pain, which carries survival …

Musculoskeletal pain is a challenging condition for both patients and physicians. Many
adults have experienced one or more episodes of musculoskeletal pain at some time of their …

Health 4.0 aligns with Industry 4.0 and encourages the application of the latest technologies
to healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) is a potentially significant component of the Health 4.0 …

Background: A 2007 American College of Physicians guideline addressed
nonpharmacologic treatment options for low back pain. New evidence is now available …

The biopsychosocial model of pain dominates the scientific community's understanding of
chronic pain. Indeed, the biopsychosocial approach describes pain and disability as a …

Abstract The recently proposed Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial
Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION)-American Pain Society …

Cannabis has been used for medicinal purposes for thousands of years. The prohibition of
cannabis in the middle of the 20th century has arrested cannabis research. In recent years …

Nonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common clinical condition that has impacts at
both the individual and societal level. Pain intensity is a primary outcome used in clinical …

Context: Chronic pain is highly prevalent in most of the industrialized nations around the
world. Despite the documented adverse effects, opioids are widely used for pain …

Abstract Background Over 100 million Americans are living with chronic pain, and pain is the
most common reason that patients seek medical attention. Despite the prevalence of pain …