The integer quantised conductance of one-dimensional electron systems is a well-
understood effect of quantum confinement. A number of fractionally quantised plateaus are …

Publisher Summary Quantum transport is conveniently studied in a two-dimensional
electron gas (2DEG) because of the combination of a large Fermi wavelength and large …

A method is described for the numerical calculations of the ballistic conductance in
mesoscopic structures in magnetic fields within a lattice model. Examples of calculated …

The prediction and experimental verification of the quantum spin Hall state marked the
discovery of a new state of matter now known as topological insulators. Two-dimensional …

Scanning a charged tip above the two-dimensional electron gas inside a gallium
arsenide/aluminum gallium arsenide nanostructure allows the coherent electron flow from …

Although electrons and photons are intrinsically different, importing useful concepts in optics
to electronics performing similar functions has been actively pursued over the last two …

Understanding the microscopic processes by which the electrons within conductors are
scattered at surfaces and interfaces is important for both fundamental physics and …

This text treats electronic transport in the regime where conventional textbook models are no
longer applicable, including the effect of electronic phase coherence, energy quantization …

We have performed quantum-mechanical and classical calculations of the magnetotransport
behavior of two-dimensional four-terminal junctions in the ballistic regime. Experimentally …

P unctuated equilibrium, the notion that evolution in nature is stepwise rather than
continuous, sometimes applies to evolution in science as well. The seed of a scientific …