The snow depth or snow water equivalent affects water, carbon, and energy cycles as well
as surface–atmosphere interactions. Therefore, the global monitoring of spatiotemporal …

DMRT-ML is a physically based numerical model designed to compute the thermal
microwave emission of a given snowpack. Its main application is the simulation of brightness …

Snow grain-size characterization, its vertical and temporal evolution is a key parameter for
the improvement and validation of snow and radiative transfer models (optical and …

Snow grain size is the snowpack parameter that most affects the microwave snow emission.
The specific surface area (SSA) of snow is a metric that allows rapid and reproducible field …

Ice lens formation, which follows rain on snow events or melt-refreeze cycles in winter and
spring, is likely to become more frequent as a result of increasing mean winter temperatures …

While many microwave studies related to tree emission have been undertaken, a few have
considered the effect of phenological change on the emission from coniferous trees. The …

Recent applications of passive microwave remote sensing techniques to estimate snow
water equivalent (SWE) increasingly rely on the comprehension of microwave emission …

Accurate snow water equivalent (SWE) products are vital for monitoring hydrological
processes and managing water resources effectively. However, the coarse spatial resolution …

Volume scattering (VS) estimation plays a critical role in microwave emission modeling of
the snowpack. However, it is challenging to obtain VS accurately for different frequencies by …

Sensitivity analysis (SA) of model parameters is of great importance for understanding,
development, and application of models. However, the influence of snow microstructure …