Cavernous malformations (CMs) are low-flow vascular lesions of the central nervous system
prone to symptomatic hemorrhage. CMs are estimated to be present in approximately 0.5 …

Significant progress has been made in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical
medicine over the past decade, but the clinical development of AI faces challenges …

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes after
resection of brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) and to assess the usefulness of …

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) pose a high
risk of morbidity and mortality due to recurrent hemorrhage, warranting aggressive …

BACKGROUND: Surgical risk assessment is intriguing for clinical decision-making of
brainstem cavernous malformation (BSCM) treatment. While the BSCM grading scale …

OBJECTIVE In the authors' microsurgical experience, the trans–middle cerebellar peduncle
(MCP) approach to the lateral and central pons has been the most common approach to …

Background: Brainstem cavernous malformations (BSCMs) often present with haemorrhage,
but the optimal timing for microsurgical intervention remains unclear. This study aims to …

Management of midbrain cavernous malformations (CVMs) is not well-defined. In select
patients with symptomatic lesions and favorable anatomy, microsurgical treatment may be …

METHODS: Records of patients who underwent BSCM resection over a 30-year period were
reviewed retrospectively. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between …

METHODS: We describe a case series of BCMs treated through a variety of skull base
approaches, describing our decision-making strategy. We review the concept of the one …