Autophagy is a conserved multistep pathway that degrades and recycles damaged
organelles and macromolecules to maintain intracellular homeostasis. The autophagy …

TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an
effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin …

The physiological functions and bioavailability of flavonoids have been widely investigated
since their bioactivities were identified about 80 years ago. Quercetin is a typical flavonoid …

Obesity has become a major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as
insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, obesity …

Quercetin, a natural flavonoid compound with a widespread occurrence throughout the plant
kingdom, exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities. Because of the wide spectrum of …

Ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) refers to a syndrome in which tissue damage is further
aggravated and organ function further deteriorates when blood flow is restored after a period …

Emerging evidence implicates accelerated renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) senescence
in renal fibrosis progression. Mitophagy protects against kidney injury. However, the …

Significance: In eukaryotes, autophagy represents a highly evolutionary conserved process,
through which macromolecules and cytoplasmic material are degraded into lysosomes and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive signaling molecules that maintain redox
homeostasis in mammalian cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological …

Autophagy is a dynamic process by which intracellular damaged macromolecules and
organelles are degraded and recycled for the synthesis of new cellular components. Basal …