Background: Research proves that the apprenticeship model, which is the gold standard for
training surgical residents, is obsolete. For that reason, there is a continuing effort toward the …

Minimally invasive medicine has become mainstream because of its crucial clinical
significance in providing a low risk of postoperative complications, limited blood loss, short …

Augmented Reality (AR) is considered to be a promising technology for the guidance of
laparoscopic liver surgery. By overlaying pre-operative 3D information of the liver and …

Background Minimally invasive techniques have increasingly found their way into liver
surgery in recent years. A multitude of mostly retrospective analyses suggests several …

Introduction During an operation, augmented reality (AR) enables surgeons to enrich their
vision of the operating field by means of digital imagery, particularly as regards tumors and …

Background In recent years, the development of digital imaging technology has had a
significant influence in liver surgery. The ability to obtain a 3-dimensional (3D) visualization …

Developing accurate and real-time algorithms for a non-invasive three-dimensional
representation and reconstruction of internal patient structures is one of the main research …

Background The laparoscopic approach to liver resection may reduce morbidity and hospital
stay. However, uptake has been slow due to concerns about patient safety and oncological …

In laparoscopic liver resection, surgeons conventionally rely on anatomical landmarks
detected through a laparoscope, preoperative volumetric images and laparoscopic …

Background Compared to open surgery, minimally invasive liver resection has improved
short term outcomes. It is however technically more challenging. Navigated image guidance …