The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to
ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation (“immune surveillance”) …

Macrophages are abundant in the cochlea; however, their role in hearing loss is not well
understood. Insults to the cochlea, such as noise or insertion of a cochlear implant, cause an …

Meniere disease (MD) is a rare set of conditions associated with the accumulation of
endolymph in the cochlear duct and the vestibular labyrinth with a decrease of endocochlear …

Cells of the immune system are present in the adult cochlea and respond to damage caused
by noise exposure. However, the types of immune cells involved and their locations within …

The inner ear, like all organs, interacts with the systemic immune system via lymphatic
drainage and vascular circulation to protect itself from infections and stress such as acoustic …

Age-related hearing loss, or presbyacusis, is a common degenerative disorder affecting
communication and quality of life for millions of older adults. Multiple pathophysiologic …

Background: The human cochlea was earlier believed to lack capacity to mount specific
immune responses. Recent studies established that the human cochlea holds …

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a major hearing impairment characterized by
pathological changes in both the peripheral and central auditory systems. Low-grade …

Noise trauma causes loss of synaptic connections between cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs)
and the spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Such synaptic loss can trigger slow and …

The percentage of macrophage subpopulations based on their origins in the adult cochlea
remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the origins of cochlear macrophages during …