Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of
endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic …

Retinoids (vitamin A) are crucial for most forms of life. In chordates, they have important roles
in the developing nervous system and notochord and many other embryonic structures, as …

Vitamin A is a multifunctional vitamin implicated in a wide range of biological processes. Its
control over the immune system and functions are perhaps the most pleiotropic not only for …

Stepwise differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to functional insulin-secreting
beta cells will identify key steps in beta-cell development and may yet prove useful for …

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), as essential regulators of aldehyde metabolism in the
human body, protect organisms from damage induced by active aldehydes. Given their roles …

Protein kinase Ca (PKCƒ¿) is a serine/threonine kinase and a member of the conven
tional(classical) PKCs(cPKCs), which have four conserved(C1 to C4) regions. This …

Liver fibrosis is a serious liver disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The
activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the overproduction of extracellular matrix …

Recent data suggest that ω-3 fatty acids may be effective in epilepsy, cardiovascular
disorders, arthritis, and as mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder; however, the mechanism of …

Beyond their classical nutritional roles, nutrients modify gene expression and function in
target cells and, by so doing, affect many fundamental biological processes. An emerging …

A key strategy to achieve regulated gene expression in higher eukaryotes is to prevent
illegitimate signal-independent activation by imposing robust control on the dismissal of …