Under natural conditions, the plants are, usually, surrounded by a series of potential
enemies. They had created strategies of defense against pathogens and herbivores' attacks …

The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis), a major pest of conifer forests throughout Europe, feeds
on the bark and cambium, tissues rich in terpenoid resins that are toxic to many insect …

Production of antiherbivore chemical defences is generally assumed to be costly in terms of
fitness, although some studies have failed to detect such costs. A convincing explanation is …

Jasmonic acid (JA) acts as a signal molecule to induce resistance in plants against
herbivores and its levels are elevated in plants after wounding or insect damage. Groundnut …

Climatic extremes have been gathering momentum since the 1880s and are believed to be
a long-term factor increasing the mortality of Scots pine trees, Pinus sylvestris (L.) in Europe …

Pinus pinaster Ait. is the most widespread conifer in Spain and is now the only species
tapped for its oleoresin. The role of tree size and xylem anatomy at distal parts (⩾ 10 cm) …

In the last five years, sharp increases in the price of natural resins, accompanied by
technological advances directed toward mechanization, have made resin tapping a strategic …

In pine species, resin ducts are the specialized secretory structures to synthesize and store
resin. Resin terpenes finds broad applications in pharmaceutical, chemical, biofuel, and …

Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the plant–parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus
xylophilus, has become a severe environmental problem in the Iberian Peninsula with …

Due to temperature changes, forests are expected to encounter more stress than before,
both in terms of biotic factors, such as increased insect attacks, and abiotic factors, such as …