Eighteen nucleic acid therapeutics have been approved for treatment of various diseases in
the last 25 years. Their modes of action include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), splice …

Many of the ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are unique to microorganisms, such that
receptor activation unequivocally indicates the presence of something foreign. However, a …

DNA, a genetic material, has been employed in different scientific directions for various
biological applications as driven by DNA nanotechnology in the past decades, including …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) species are emerging as key mediators of
inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although the role of …

Over the past decade, we have seen rapid advances in applying nanotechnology in
biomedical areas including bioimaging, biodetection, and drug delivery. As an emerging …

An acid-resistant DNA hydrogel that is stable in an extremely acidic environment with pH as
low as 1.2 has not been reported before, largely due to the instability of DNA-hybridized …

Oligonucleotides (ONs) comprise a rapidly growing class of therapeutics. In recent years, the
list of FDA-approved ON therapies has rapidly expanded. ONs are small (15–30 bp) …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Conventional therapies, including
surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have achieved increased survival rates for many types …

Innate immunity against pathogens relies on an array of immune receptors to detect
molecular patterns that are characteristic of the pathogens, including receptors that are …