The present article provides a historical review of the place and response learning plus-
maze tasks with a focus on the behavioral and neurobiological findings. The article begins …

Although several studies showed adverse neurotoxic effects of melamine on hippocampus
(HPC)-dependent learning and reversal learning, the evidence for this mechanism is still …

Emotional arousal can have a profound impact on various learning and memory processes.
For example, unconditioned emotional stimuli (eg, predator odor or anxiogenic drugs) …

Previous findings indicate that post-training administration of glucocorticoid stress hormones
can interact with the noradrenergic system to enhance consolidation of hippocampus-or …

Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to have a promotive effect on
synaptic plasticity and spatial memory. The precursor of BDNF (proBDNF) has emerged as a …

The present experiments investigated the involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) in consolidation of extinction in a habit memory …

Feeding is a complex motivated behavior controlled by a distributed neural network that
processes sensory information to generate adaptive behavioral responses. Accordingly …

The present experiments compared the effects of aging on learning several hippocampus-
and striatum-sensitive tasks in young (3–4 month) and old (24–28 month) male Fischer-344 …

Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes convert glucose to lactate, which is released from
the astrocytes and supports learning and memory. This report takes a multiple memory …

Studies of age-related changes in learning and memory often focus on hippocampus-
sensitive tasks and reveal age-associated impairments across numerous species and …