The T-cell receptor (TCR) functions in both antigen recognition and signal transduction,
which are crucial initial steps of antigen-specific immune responses. TCR integrity is vital for …

For years, clusterin has been recognized as a secreted protein and a large number of works
demonstrated that this ubiquitously expressed protein has multiple activities. Among the …

The checkpoints and mechanisms that contribute to autoantibody-driven disease are as yet
incompletely understood. Here we identified the axis of interleukin 23 (IL-23) and the TH17 …

Abstract Objectives. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADIs) convert peptidylarginine into
citrulline via post-translational modification. Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies are highly …

Mannose receptor (MR) is the best characterised member of a family of four endocytic
molecules that share a common domain structure; a cysteine‐rich (CR) domain, a fibronectin …

Introduction Chicken type II collagen (CCII) is a protein extracted from the cartilage of
chicken breast and exhibits intriguing possibilities for the treatment of autoimmune diseases …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of
cartilage and bone. The destructive lesions result from both immune responses and non …

Inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a common disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide.
Proinflammatory events during IA pathogenesis are well studied; however, loss of protective …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)‐21 is a CD4+ T‐cell‐derived cytokine, which is involved in innate
and adaptive immune response. In this study, we analysed IL‐21 receptor (IL‐21R) …

In vitro the mannose receptor (MR) mediates Ag internalization by dendritic cells (DC) and
favors the presentation of mannosylated ligands to T cells. However, in vivo MR seems to …