A ubiquitously expressed cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) plays a
significant role in various ongoing cellular mechanisms. The gain or loss-of-function of TGF …

The tumor microenvironment favors the growth and expansion of cancer cells. Many cell
types are involved in the tumor microenvironment such as inflammatory cells, fibroblasts …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global challenge due to its high
morbidity and mortality rates as well as poor response to treatment. The communication …

Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, causing more than
700,000 deaths annually. Because of the wide landscape of genomic alterations and limited …

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with poor prognosis
for lack of early detection and effective treatment modalities. The significant influence of …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play crucial roles in enhancing cell survival,
proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. We previously showed that hepatocellular carcinoma …

The hepatic stellate cells in the liver are stimulated sustainably by chronic injury of the
hepatocytes, activating myofibroblasts, which produce abundant collagen. Myofibroblasts …

Purpose: Current tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system cannot provide adequate
information for prediction of prognosis and chemotherapeutic benefits. We constructed a …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have an important role in the tumor microenvironment.
CAFs have the multifunctionality which strongly support cancer progression and the …

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF) represent a significant component of pancreatic
cancer stroma and are biologically implicated in tumor progression. However, evidence of …