For incurable diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), the prevention of progression and
the preservation of quality of life play a crucial role over the entire therapy period. In MS …

Driven by recent empirical studies, we offer a new understanding of the degrees of freedom
problem, and propose a refined concept of synergy as a neural organization that ensures a …

Background. Three-dimensional kinematic analysis provides quantitative and qualitative
assessment of upper-limb motion and is used as an outcome measure to evaluate impaired …

Synergy discusses a general problem in biology: The lack of an adequate language for
formulating biologically specific problems. Written for an inquisitive reader who is not …

Background: Stroke often results in motor impairment and limited functional capacity. This
study aimed to verify the relationship between widely used clinical scales and instrumented …

Upper-limb impairment after stroke is caused by weakness, loss of individual joint control,
spasticity, and abnormal synergies. Upper-limb movement frequently involves abnormal …

Background and Purpose Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of reaching has emerged
as an evaluative measure of upper-extremity motor performance in people after stroke …

Background. A major challenge in stroke rehabilitation is restoration of arm motor function.
Therapy-induced improvements in arm function may occur via restoration of premorbid …

A stroke-related loss of corticospinal and corticobulbar pathways is postulated to result in an
increased use of remaining neural substrates such as bulbospinal pathways as individuals …

Synergies are thought to be the building blocks of vertebrate movements. The inability to
execute synergies in properly timed and graded fashion precludes adequate functional …