Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex
regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), the subpopulation of cancer cells, have the capability of
proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. The presence of CSCs is a key factor leading …

Although inactivation of the PTEN gene has been implicated in the development of
resistance to the HER2 targeting antibody trastuzumab, the mechanisms mediating this …

Spatiotemporal regulation of tumor immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a
vascular niche that controls alternative macrophage activation in glioblastoma (GBM). We …

IL-6 is a critical cytokine in acute phase response and involved in the pathogenesis of
several chronic inflammatory diseases including cancer. Studies have highlighted that levels …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common intracranial tumor in adults, is
characterized by extensive heterogeneity at the cellular and molecular levels. This insidious …

Substantial data indicate that microRNA 21 (miR-21) is significantly elevated in glioblastoma
(GBM) and in many other tumors of various origins. This microRNA has been implicated in …

Human solid tumors frequently have pronounced heterogeneity of both neoplastic and
normal cells on the histological, genetic, and gene expression levels. While current efforts …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma is one of the most treatment-refractory human malignancies,
and despite techniques that have allowed scientists and clinicians to better understand the …

Microglia, which contribute substantially to the tumor mass of glioblastoma, have been
shown to play an important role in glioma growth and invasion. While a large number of …