Urbanization and industrialization are responsible for environmental contamination in the
air, water, and soil. These activities also generate large amounts of heavy metal ions in the …

Hexavalent chromium is a highly soluble environmental contaminant. It is a widespread
anthropogenic chromium species that is 100 times more toxic than trivalent chromium …

Abstract Heavy metal Chromium (Cr), can adversely affect humans and their health if
accumulated in organs of the body, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Cr (VI) is highly …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an unenviable part of aerobic life. Their steady-state
concentration is a balance between production and elimination providing certain steady …

The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms was described more
than 60 years ago and virtually immediately it was suggested that ROS were involved in …

Water quality depends on its physicochemical and biological parameters. Changes in
parameters such as pH, temperature, and essential and non-essential trace metals in water …

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the
development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in …

Apart from its beneficial properties of oxygen to cellular functions, it can cause some
undesirable damages by the formation of ROS which can be neutralized by the formation of …

Most legume species have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with soil nitrogen‐
fixing rhizobacteria that promote plant growth and productivity. There is an increasing …

Abstract Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) are considered as the main environmental
contaminants which have serious risks for health. Firstly, we observed that the hatchability …