Cytoplasmic RNA structures such as stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are
functional byproducts of mRNA metabolism, sharing substrate mRNA, dynamic properties …

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a conserved protein complex that functions in the ubiquitin–
proteasome pathway. After two decades of research, we now know that the CSN is a multi …

During eukaryotic translation initiation, 43S complexes, comprising a 40S ribosomal subunit,
initiator transfer RNA and initiation factors (eIF) 2, 3, 1 and 1A, attach to the 5′-terminal …

Translation initiation in eukaryotes depends on many eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) that
stimulate both recruitment of the initiator tRNA, Met-tRNA i Met, and mRNA to the 40S …

Protein synthesis is a fundamental process in gene expression that depends upon the
abundance and accessibility of the mRNA transcript as well as the activity of many protein …

In mammalian cells, newly synthesized mRNAs undergo a pioneer round of translation that
is important for mRNA quality control. Following maturation of messenger ribonucleoprotein …

In response to cancer, AIDS, sepsis and other systemic diseases inducing muscle atrophy,
the E3 ubiquitin ligase Atrogin1/MAFbx (MAFbx) is dramatically upregulated and this …

Fighting viral infections is hampered by the scarcity of viral targets and their variability,
resulting in development of resistance. Viruses depend on cellular molecules—which are …

Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are commonly accepted
paradigms of tumorigenesis. The view is emerging that deregulation of translation …

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 3 is the largest eIF (∼ 650 kDa), consisting of 10–
13 different polypeptide subunits in mammalian cells. To understand the role of each …