During development of disease, complex intracellular signaling pathways regulate an
intricate series of events, including resistance to external toxins, the secretion of cytokines …

For more than four decades, the cyclic nucleotides cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP
(cGMP) have been recognized as important signaling molecules within cells. Under normal …

Regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is integral in
mediating cell growth, cell differentiation, and immune responses in hematopoietic cells. To …

The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) can either stimulate or inhibit programmed cell
death (apoptosis). Here, we review examples of cell types that show pro‐apoptotic or anti …

A complex intracellular signaling governs different cellular responses in inflammation.
Extracellular stimuli are sensed, amplified, and transduced through a dynamic cellular …

By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine
monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their …

Increased intracellular cAMP concentration plays a well established role in leukemic cell
maturation. We previously reported that U937 cells stimulated by H2 receptor agonists …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Recent data suggest that cyclic
nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are relevant in various cancer pathologies …

Importance of the field: For many cancers, there has been a shift from management with
traditional, nonspecific cytotoxic chemotherapies to treatment with molecule-specific …

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) enzymes degrade cAMP and underpin the
compartmentalization of cAMP signaling through their targeting to particular protein …