Adult articular cartilage exhibits little capacity for intrinsic repair, and thus even minor injuries
or lesions may lead to progressive damage and osteoarthritic joint degeneration, resulting in …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is important in the
regulation of joint homeostasis and disease. TGFβ signalling is induced by loading and has …

Background The management of articular cartilage defects presents many clinical
challenges due to its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. Bone marrow stimulation …

Injuries to the musculoskeletal system are common, debilitating and expensive. In many
cases, healing is imperfect, which leads to chronic impairment. Gene transfer might improve …

Purpose The aim of this systematic review is to examine the available clinical evidence in
the literature to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment strategies in orthopaedics …

Advanced cell-based therapies are promising approaches for stimulating full regeneration of
cartilage lesions. In addition to a few commercially available medicinal products, several …

Articular cartilage defects are prevalent and are potentially involved in the initiation of
osteoarthritis, yet the lack of efficient therapeutic options to treat cartilage defects represents …

The development of biological methods over the past decade has stimulated great interest in
the possibility to regenerate human tissues. Advances in stem cell research, gene therapy …

Protocols based on the delivery of stem cells are currently applied in patients, showing
encouraging results for the treatment of articular cartilage lesions (focal defects …

Introduction Transplantation of genetically modified human bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with an accurate potential for chondrogenic differentiation …