Traditionally, lymphocytic interferon γ (IFN-γ) was considered to be a simple'booster'of
proinflammatory responses by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) during bacterial or …

In the mammalian brain information processing and storage rely on the complex coding and
decoding events performed by neuronal networks. These actions are based on the …

Recognition of pathogen-or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, DAMPs) by
innate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is central to the activation of microglia (brain macrophages) …

Background The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)(or CSF-2) is
involved in myeloid cell growth and differentiation, and, possibly, a major mediator of …

Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated
microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major …

The role of microglia in mediating age‐related changes in cognition and hippocampal
synaptic function was examined by microglial depletion and replenishment using PLX3397 …

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive multifaceted neurodegenerative
disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment exists. Neuroinflammation is central to the …

Chronic stress enhances the risk for psychiatric disorders and induces depression and
cognitive impairment. Gamma oscillations are essential for neurocircuit function, emotion …

Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain. As such, they rapidly detect changes in
normal brain homeostasis and accurately respond by fine-tuning in a tightly regulated …

Immunological priming by type II interferon (IFN-γ) is crucial for evoking neurotoxic
phenotypes of microglia (tissue-resident macrophages). We report that serial exposure of …