Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a central regulator of inflammation, and TNF-α
antagonists may be effective in treating inflammatory disorders in which TNF-α plays a major …

Implantation failure in assisted reproduction is thought to be mainly due to impaired uterine
receptivity. With normal uterine anatomy, changes in endocrine profile during ovarian …

Background: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the
guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association …

Pregnancy has a profound impact on the thyroid gland and thyroid function. The gland
increases 10% in size during pregnancy in iodine-replete countries and by 20%–40% in …

Objective To study the possible relationship between sperm aneuploidy, sperm DNA
integrity, chromatin packaging, traditional semen parameters, and recurrent pregnancy loss …

Pregnancy is a proinflammatory and hypercoagulable state. Miscarriage concerns
approximately 15% of pregnancies. Recurrent miscarriage is a rather rare condition with an …

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small DNA tumor virus ubiquitous in humans. MCPyV
establishes a clinically asymptomatic lifelong infection in healthy immunocompetent …

Abstract Recurrent miscarriage affects 1–2% of women of reproductive age, depending on
the definition used. A systematic review was conducted to identify, appraise and describe …

Embryo establishes contact with the endometrium during implantation. Proper endometrial
vascular development and maintenance at the time of embryo implantation is crucial for …

Viral infections are considered to be risk factors for spontaneous abortion (SA). Conflicting
results have been reported on the association between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and …