Diverse molecular processes regulate the interactions between plants and insect
herbivores. Here, we review genes and proteins that are involved in plant–herbivore …

Studies with model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that phytohormones
are central regulators of plant defense. The intricate network of phytohormone signaling …

Plants maintain microbial associations whose functions remain largely unknown. For the
past 15 y, we have planted the annual postfire tobacco Nicotiana attenuata into an …

Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and
reproduction. Additionally, they emerged as cellular signal molecules with key functions in …

The evolution of land plants approximately 470 million years ago created a new adaptive
zone for natural enemies (attackers) of plants. In response to attack, plants evolved highly …

Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental
stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens …

Adaptive plant responses to specific abiotic stresses or biotic agents are fine-tuned by a
network of hormonal signaling cascades, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, jasmonic …

There has been a long-standing hypothesis that specialist and generalist insects interact
with plants in distinct ways. Although many tests exist, they typically compare only one …

The capacity to perceive and respond is integral to biological immune systems, but to what
extent can plants specifically recognize and respond to insects? Recent findings suggest …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …