The COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known as a
pandemic emergency that has led to a high rate of mortality throughout the world. Evidence …

Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses Human Immunodeficiency Virus
type 1 (HIV-1) in infected individuals. However, even long term ART does not eradicate HIV …

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the form of triple combinations of
drugs including protease inhibitors can reduce the plasma viral load of some HIV-1-infected …

Early steps of infection by HIV-1 involve entry of the viral core into cells, reverse transcription
to form the linear viral DNA, and integration of that DNA into a chromosome of the host. The …

ABSTRACT A small pool of infected cells persists in HIV-infected individuals receiving
antiretroviral therapy (ART). Here, we developed ultrasensitive assays to precisely measure …

Cytokines play an important role in controlling the homoeostasis of the immune system.
Infection with HIV results in dysregulation of the cytokine profile in vivo and in vitro. During …

HIV-1 persists in peripheral blood monocytes in individuals receiving highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with viral suppression, despite these cells being poorly …

All retroviruses, including HIV-1, display species-specific patterns of infection. The impaired
growth of these retroviruses in foreign and sometimes even in their natural hosts often stems …

Myeloid blood cells are largely resistant to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type
1 (HIV-1). Recently, it was reported that Vpx from HIV-2/SIVsm facilitates infection of these …

Lentiviral vectors have been advocated to be effective vehicles for the delivery and stable
expression of genes in nondividing primary cells. However, certain cell types, such as …