COVID‐19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular
alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its
expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad …

Purpose Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from
“cytokine storm syndrome”, resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe …

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the
maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the often fatal sequelae of a broad range of
precipitating conditions. Despite decades of intensive research and clinical trials there …

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life‐threatening condition
caused by direct or indirect injury to the lungs. Despite improvements in clinical …

Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death
globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the most potent and ubiquitous profibrogenic
cytokine, and its expression is increased in almost all the fibrotic diseases and in …

The recent coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has adversely affected
people worldwide. A growing body of literature suggests the neurological complications and …

COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented sanitary threat: antiviral and host-directed
medications to treat the disease are urgently needed. A great effort has been paid to find …