Depression is a wide-spread, debilitating psychiatric disorder. Mainly rodent-based,
experimental animal models of depression are extensively used to probe the pathogenesis …

This article is part of a Special Issue “Neuroendocrine-Immune Axis in Health and Disease.”
For humans in developed nations, socioeconomic status (SES)—relative income, education …

Basal levels of metabolism vary significantly among individuals in many taxa, but the effects
of this on fitness are generally unknown. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in juvenile salmon …

Physiological traits can vary greatly within a species and consequently have a significant
impact on other aspects of performance. Many species exhibit substantial variation in basal …

Even before fertilisation, exposure of ova to high levels of stress corticosteroids can have
significant effects on offspring in a variety of animals. In fish, high levels of cortisol in ovarian …

Animals with similar fighting ability can fight harder and longer than animals in asymmetric
contests. Thus, the selection of fish by size similarity in husbandry might increase aggressive …

Personality is defined as consistency in an individual's behavioral responses towards a
given situation over time. Previous studies reported the presence of bold personality (BP) …

Dominance hierarchies are ubiquitous among group-living animals and markedly affect
growth performance, metabolism, agonistic interactions, and stress-related physiology in …

The effects of chronic social stress on hepatic glycogen metabolism were examined in
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by comparing hepatocyte glucose production, liver …

To examine how different fish coping strategies respond to salinity challenge, olive flounder
(Paralichthys olivaceus) with active coping style (AC) and passive coping style (PC) were …