Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative …

The brain's energy demands are remarkable both in their intensity and in their moment-to-
moment dynamic range. This perspective considers the evidence for Warburg-like aerobic …

Astrocytes and microglia are central players in a myriad of processes in the healthy and
diseased brain, ranging from metabolism to immunity. The crosstalk between these two cell …

The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the mammalian body, and
synaptic transmission is one of the major contributors. To meet these energetic …

Research to date has provided novel insights into lactate's positive role in multiple brain
functions and several brain diseases. Although notable controversies and discrepancies …

High-caloric diet and physical inactivity predispose individuals to obesity and diabetes,
which are risk factors of hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. Along with …

Lactate shuttled from blood, astrocytes, and/or oligodendrocytes may serve as the major
glucose alternative in brain energy metabolism. However, its effectiveness in fueling …

Lactate shuttled from the blood circulation, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes or even activated
microglia (resident macrophages) to neurons has been hypothesized to represent a major …

Kv3 potassium currents mediate rapid repolarisation of action potentials (APs), supporting
fast spikes and high repetition rates. Of the four Kv3 gene family members, Kv3. 1 and Kv3. 3 …

Most of the energy produced in the brain is dedicated to supporting synaptic transmission.
Glucose is the main fuel, providing energy and carbon skeletons to the cells that execute …