This paper presents a review of the current state of the art in the research field of cold and
ultracold molecules. It serves as an introduction to the focus issue ofNew Journal of Physics …

A detailed description of a merged beam apparatus for the study of low energy molecular
scattering is given. This review is intended to guide any scientist who plans to construct a …

Producing large samples of slow molecules from thermal-velocity ensembles is a formidable
challenge. Here we employ a centrifugal force to produce a continuous molecular beam with …

Ultracold molecules represent a fascinating research frontier in physics and chemistry, but it
has proven challenging to prepare dense samples at low velocities. Here, we present a …

Intense beams of cold and slow molecules are produced by supersonic expansion out of a
rapidly rotating nozzle, as first demonstrated by M. Gupta and D. Herschbach [J. Phys …

Cryogenic buffer gas cells have been a workhorse for the cooling of molecules in the last
few decades. The straightforward sympathetic cooling principle makes them applicable to a …

Electrostatic velocity filtering is a technique for the production of continuous guided beams of
slow polar molecules from a thermal gas. We extended this technique to produce pulses of …

The measurement of the rotational state distribution of a velocity-selected, buffer-gas-cooled
beam of ND 3 is described. In an apparatus recently constructed to study cold ion-molecule …

A comprehensive characterisation of cold molecular beams from a cryogenic buffer‐gas cell,
providing insight into the physics of buffer‐gas cooling, is presented. Cold molecular beams …

Detecting the internal state of polar molecules is a substantial challenge when standard
techniques such as resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization or laser-induced …