The industrial activities of the last century have caused massive increases in human
exposure to heavy metals. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic have been the …

Heavy metals exist widely in daily life, and exposure to heavy metals caused by
environmental pollution has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Due to …

Lead (Pb) pollution has been considered as a major threat for human health due to
induction of inflammatory cascades in various tissues. The aim of present review is to …

Introduction Exposure to cadmium, cobalt, lead, and manganese has been associated with
decreased pulmonary function in adults. Little is known about the magnitude of these …

Background/purpose The health risks of environmental heavy metals have been of concern
are well known. The greater likelihood of heavy metal contamination in the physical …

Heavy metal exposure is a major public health issue that has increased during industrial
development because air pollution, heavy automobile traffic, use of agricultural chemicals …

Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as
heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that in utero exposures can influence the
development of the immune system and thus contribute to disease development. Studies …

Studies have indicated that early-life exposure to toxic metals and fluoride affects the
immune system, but evidence regarding their role in allergic disease development is scarce …

Lead (Pb) has adverse effects on our nervous system and renal systems. Young children are
more vulnerable to Pb exposure. However, the role of low-level Pb exposure in the immune …