Between 1492 and 1914, Europeans conquered 84 percent of the globe. But why did
Europe establish global dominance, when for centuries the Chinese, Japanese, Ottomans …

A dive into the origins, management, and uses and misuses of sovereign debt through the
ages. Public debts have exploded to levels unprecedented in modern history as …

Military Entrepreneurs and the Spanish Contractor State in the Eighteenth Century offers a
new approach to the relationship between warfare and state construction. Historians looking …

The organisation of business transactions in the preindustrial period, once a central concern
in scholarly debates about the rise of capitalism, currently plays only a marginal role in the …

Why did the countries that first benefited from access to the New World–Castile and Portugal–
decline relative to their followers, especially England and the Netherlands? The dominant …

How will sovereign debt markets evolve in the 21st century? We survey how the literature
has responded to the eurozone debt crisis, placing" lessons learned" in historical …

This chapter reviews the economic history of war, a literature that comes not just from
economics or from history but from other fields of social sciences as well. We first review the …

Historically, Spain has often been represented as a financial failure, a state limited by its
absolutist monarchy and doomed to fiscal and financial failure without hope of lasting …

How will sovereign debt markets evolve in the 21st century? We survey how the literature
has responded to the eurozone debt crisis, placing “lessons learned” in historical …

In the early modern period, trade became a truly global phenomenon. The logistics, financial
and organizational complexity associated with it increased in order to connect distant …