Over the past decade, the Arctic has warmed by 0.75° C, far outpacing the global average,
while Antarctic temperatures have remained comparatively stable. As Earth approaches 2° …

This paper reviews research in ocean engineering over the last 50+ years with the aim to (I)
understand the technological challenges and evolution in the field,(II) investigate whether …

Arctic near-surface air temperature warms much faster than the global average, a
phenomenon known as Arctic Amplification. The change of the underlying Arctic Ocean …

This article provides a synthesis of the latest observational trends and projections for the
future of the Arctic. First, the Arctic is already changing rapidly as a result of climate change …

Seasonal and Regional Manifestation of Arctic Sea Ice Loss in: Journal of Climate Volume 31
Issue 12 (2018) Jump to Content Jump to Main Navigation Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo Logo …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

This chapter assesses the scientific literature describing expectations for near-term climate
(present through mid-century). Unless otherwise stated," near-term" change and the …

Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …

The rapid retreat and thinning of the Arctic sea ice cover over the past several decades is
one of the most striking manifestations of global climate change. Previous research revealed …

The lowest winter‐maximum areal sea‐ice coverage on record (1980–2019) in the Bering
Sea occurred in the winter of 2017/2018. Sea ice arrived late due to warm southerly winds in …